We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Wednesday, 03 September 14
KOREA MIDLAND POWER CO. LTD INVITES BIDS FOR 1 MMT OF BITUMINOUS & SUB-BITUMINOUS COAL FOR BORYEONG POWER PLANT
COALspot.com: KOMIPO again in the market for 1 million tons of 5700 NAR and 4600 NAR coal for Jan – March 2015. South Korean state-owned util ...
Wednesday, 03 September 14
CFR S.CHINA COAL SWAP FOR JAN 2015 DELIVERY CLOSED AT $ 68.30 PMT; DOWN 2.43% W-O-W
COALspot.com: API 8 CFR South China Coal swap for delivery in October 2014 decreased US$ 0.95 (-1.39%) day on day and US$ 1.40 (-2.03%) week on wee ...
Tuesday, 02 September 14
BERAU COAL HAS AWARDED A CONTRACT EXTENSION TO BUMA FOR 647 MLN BCM OVERBURDEN REMOVAL
COALspot.com: PT Delta Dunia Makmur Tbk (“DOID”) has announced that its primary operating subsidiary, PT Bukit Makmur Mandiri Utama (&l ...
Monday, 01 September 14
GLOBALCOAL WELCOMES TWO NEW MARKET MEMBERS
COALspot.com: globalCOAL® announced today that two Market Members have joined its trading community. Both new Market Members are from the India ...
Sunday, 31 August 14
COAL FREIGHT RATES INTO INDIA FROM INDONESIA FIRM
COALspot.com: The freight market continued to firm this week. BDI up 5.42 percent week ended 29 August and closed at 1147 points while the Ca ...
|
|
|
Showing 3511 to 3515 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Planning Commission, India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- PTC India Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
|
| |
| |
|
