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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Monday, 22 September 14
COAL SECTOR CHAOS - GENESIS TO REVELATION - DIPESH DIPU
COALspot.com: “Let there be light”, intends the government of India but the fuel side of the story paints a blackout. The recent Suprem ...
Monday, 22 September 14
CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAPS LOST ON DAY, WEEK AND MONTH
COALspot.com: API 8 CFR South China Coal swap for delivery in October 2014 decreased US$ 3.10 (-4.50%) month over month and $ 0.95 PT MT week over ...
Monday, 22 September 14
INDONESIAN COAL SWAPS LOST WEEK ON WEEK AND MONTH OVER MONTH
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swaps for average October 2014 increased US$ 0.35 (+0.69%) day on day and lost US$ 0.30 (-0.58%) per mt week on week. ...
Sunday, 21 September 14
CAPE INDEX LOST 17% W-O-W ; BALTIC DRY PLUNGES 106 POINTS
COALspot.com: This week the freight market softened a bit compared to last week.
BDI fell 8.97% week on week and closed BDI at 1075 points on ...
Friday, 19 September 14
U.S. WEEKLY COAL PRODUCTION RELATIVELY FLAT AT +0.1% - EIA
COALspot.com – United States the world's second largest coal producer, produced approximately 19.20 million short tons (mmst) of coal in ...
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- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Planning Commission, India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- PTC India Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
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