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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Wednesday, 29 October 14
GOOD REASON WHY Q4 CAPESIZE OUTLOOK WAS SO BULLISH AT START OF THE YEAR - COMMODORE RESEARCH
COALspot.com: There was good reason why so many analysts' capesize outlook for Q4 was so very strong at the start of this year. Brazilian ...
Tuesday, 28 October 14
SGX'S FOB RICHARDS BAY COAL SWAP FOR DELIVERY Q1' 2015 CLOSED AT $ 68.07 ON 24 OCT
COALspot.com: API 4 FOB Richards Bay coal swap for Q4’ 2014 delivery decreased US$ 0.65 (-0.96%) month over month and increased US$ 1.79 (+2. ...
Tuesday, 28 October 14
SUB-BIT FOB INDONESIA COAL SWAP FOR Q1' 15 DELIVERY CLOSED 3.68% LOWER MONTH ON MONTH
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swaps for delivery Q4' 2014 lost month on month and gained day on day and week on week.
The swap has lost US ...
Monday, 27 October 14
GOVT PROMISES TO EASE LICENSING PROCEDURES IN MINING SECTOR - THE JAKARTA POST
The Energy and Mineral Resources Ministry’s directorate general for mineral and coal plans to simplify the complicated licensing procedures i ...
Monday, 27 October 14
FOB NEWCASTLE COAL SWAP FOR Q1' 15 DELIVERY CLOSED $ 0.10 LESSER THAN Q4' 14 CLOSING OF $ 53.27 PMT
COALspot.com: API 5 FOB Newcastle Coal swap for Q4’ 2014 delivery decreased US$ 1.43 (-2.61%) month over month and increased US$ 0.05 (+0.09% ...
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- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
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- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
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- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
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- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
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- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Australian Coal Association
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- Indian Energy Exchange, India
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- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
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- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
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- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Planning Commission, India
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- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
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- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
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- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
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- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- PTC India Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
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- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
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- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
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- GMR Energy Limited - India
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- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
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- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
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- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
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- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
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- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
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- White Energy Company Limited
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
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- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
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- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
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- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
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- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
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- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
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