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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Tuesday, 11 November 14
PORT OF NEWCASTLE'S OCTOBER COAL SHIPMENTS SLIPPED 7.40% M-O-M
COALspot.com: The Port of Newcastle, Australia’s major trading ports and the world’s largest coal export port, has shipped $1,115.7 mil ...
Monday, 10 November 14
Q4' 15 FOB INDONESIA COAL SWAP CLOSED LOWER THAN Q1' 15 CLOSING PRICE OF US$ 49.58 ON LAST FRIDAY
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swaps for delivery Q1' 2015 lost month on month, week on week and day on day.
The Q1 swap has lost just US$ ...
Monday, 10 November 14
SGX'S API 4 FOB RICHARDS BAY COAL SWAP FOR Q1' 2015 DELIVERY CLOSED AT US$ 65.44 ON 7 NOV, LOST 4.08% M-O-M
COALspot.com: API 4 FOB Richards Bay Coal swap for Q1’ 2015 delivery has decreased US$ 2.78 (-4.08%) month over month and US$ 1.41 (-2.11%) w ...
Monday, 10 November 14
MOZAMBIQUE SIGNED CONTRACT WITH ETA STAR OF UAE FOR OPEN CAST COAL MINE IN TETE - AIM
- ETA Star to build slurry pipeline over the 600 kilometers to Beira in Mozambique to transport coal.
- The viability studies show the presence o ...
Monday, 10 November 14
YEAR 2015 CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAP SHOWS A WEAK TREND THIS PAST WEEK
COALspot.com: API 8 CFR South China Coal swap for Q1’ 2015 delivery has decreased US$ 3.74 (-5.63%) month over month and US$ 2.19 (+3.37%) we ...
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- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Australian Coal Association
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Economic Council, Georgia
- The University of Queensland
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
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