We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Tuesday, 20 January 15
INDIA TO SURPASS THE UNITED STATES AND BECOME THE SECOND-LARGEST COAL CONSUMER IN THE WORLD BY 2019 - IMF
COALspot.com: In 2013, coal added more primary energy than any other fuel and was the fastest-growing fossil fuel, enhancing its position as the se ...
Tuesday, 20 January 15
INDONESIAN COAL OUTPUT SEEN RISING, DESPITE FALL IN ITS PRICE
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swaps for delivery Q1' 2015 declined month on month and week over week, but Indonesian Coal Output Seen Rising. T ...
Tuesday, 20 January 15
NEWCASTLE COAL SWAP FOR Q1' 2015 DELIVERY DECLINED 2.83% M-O-M
COALspot.com: API 5 FOB Newcastle Coal swap for Q1’ 2015 delivery declined US$ 1.45 per MT (-2.83%) month over month and US$ 0.50 (-0.99%) we ...
Monday, 19 January 15
HBA FALL TO FRESH LOWS; COAL OVERSUPPLY WILL CONTINUE TO PUSH PRICE DOWN
COALspot.com - The Ministry of Energy & Mineral Resources of Indonesia revised down Indonesian coal bench mark price this month to US$ 63.84. T ...
Monday, 19 January 15
CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAPS REMAIN WEAK
COALspot.com: API 8 CFR South China Coal swap for Q1’ 2015 delivery declined US$ 3.37 (-5.63%) per MT month over month and US$ 0.74 (-1.29%) ...
|
|
|
Showing 3246 to 3250 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Planning Commission, India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Australian Coal Association
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- White Energy Company Limited
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- The University of Queensland
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
|
| |
| |
|
