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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Wednesday, 28 January 15
CAPES CONTINUED THEIR UPWARD MOVEMENT LAST WEEK - INTERMODAL
COALspot.com: The Dry Bulk market displayed a mirror performance of that of the week prior, with the Capesize market correcting further upwards and ...
Tuesday, 27 January 15
Q1 FOB INDONESIA COAL SWAP CLOSED AT $ 47.87 FOR WEEK ENDING JAN. 23
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swaps for delivery Q1' 2015 gain week over week and declined month on month.
The Q1 swap has decline US$ 0.9 ...
Tuesday, 27 January 15
Q2 FOB NEWCASTLE COAL SWAP UP 4.5% W-O-W
COALspot.com: API 5 FOB Newcastle Coal swap for Q1’ 2015 delivery declined US$ 0.28 per MT (-0.54%) month over month and increased US$ 1.23 ( ...
Monday, 26 January 15
OVERSUPPLY, AMPLE STOCKPILES, AND LACKLUSTER UNDERLYING STEEL DEMAND KEPT COKING COAL PRICES LOW IN 2014
COALspot.com: Coking coal prices (FOB & CFR) fell 15% and 18% respectively during the year, amidst persistent oversupply, ample inventory and s ...
Monday, 26 January 15
FOB RICHARDS BAY Q2 COAL SWAP CLOSED LOWER THAN Q1 CLOSING
COALspot.com: API 4 FOB Richards Bay Coal swap for delivery Q1' 2015 declined month over month and day on day.
The Q1 swap has fell ...
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- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
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