We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Tuesday, 10 February 15
IRON ORE MARKET TO REMAIN OVERSUPPLIED IN 2015: PRICE FORECAST $70/T - WOOD MACKENZIE
COALspot.com: With January witnessing the price of iron ore falling to its lowest levels since May 2009, Roger Emslie, Principal Metals & ...
Tuesday, 10 February 15
SUB-BIT FOB INDONESIA COAL SWAP ADVANCES 3.79% WEEK ON WEEK
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swaps for delivery Q2' 2015 rose week over week and month on month.
The Q2 swap up US$ 0.85 (+1.81%) month o ...
Tuesday, 10 February 15
FOB NEWCASTLE COAL SWAPS SURGE WEEK OVER WEEK, RAISING HOPES?
COALspot.com: API 5 FOB Newcastle Coal swap for Q2’ 2015 delivery rose US$ 0.95 per MT (+1.91%) week over week and declined US$ 0.06 (-0.12%) ...
Monday, 09 February 15
AUSTRALIAN COAL PRODUCERS BEST POSITIONED IN OVERSUPPLIED MARKET; US MINES MOST AT RISK - WOOD MACKENZIE
In a 2015 global coal outlook report, Wood Mackenzie says that Australia and Indonesian coal suppliers will see some upside in the difficult months ...
Monday, 09 February 15
FOB RICHARDS BAY COAL SWAP GAINS 3.65% TO ONE-MONTH HIGH
COALspot.com: API 4 FOB Richards Bay Coal swap for delivery Q2' 2015 surge month over month and day on day.
The Q2 swap has soared US$ 2.1 ...
|
|
|
Showing 3206 to 3210 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- White Energy Company Limited
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Minerals Council of Australia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Planning Commission, India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
|
| |
| |
|
