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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Tuesday, 17 February 15
FOB SUB-BIT INDONESIA COAL SWAP UP 8% MONTH OVER MONTH
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swaps for delivery Q2' 2015 rose week over week and month on month.
The Q2 swap up US$ 3.58 (+8.00%) month o ...
Tuesday, 17 February 15
Q2' FOB RICHARDS BAY COAL SWAP CLOSED AT $63.45; $ 1.85 HIGHER COMPARED TO Q4 CLOSING
COALspot.com: API 4 FOB Richards Bay Coal swap for delivery Q2' 2015 surge month over month, week on week and day on day.
The Q2 swap has ...
Monday, 16 February 15
COAL MINING SLUMP A BLESSING IN DISGUISE - THE JAKARTA POST
The growth of the coal-mining industry, which has diminished in the last two years, is expected to slump even further this year following weakening ...
Monday, 16 February 15
FOB NEWCASTLE COAL SWAPS SURGE WEEK ON WEEK
COALspot.com: API 5 FOB Newcastle Coal swap for Q2’ 2015 delivery rose US$ 1.31 per MT (+2.59%) week over week and US$ 4.35 (+9.13%) month on ...
Monday, 16 February 15
Q2' 15 - CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAP ROSE 5.22% M-O-M
COALspot.com: API 8 CFR South China Coal swap for Q2’ 2015 delivery rose US$ 2.88 (+5.22%) per MT month over month and US$ 1.08 (+1.90% ...
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- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Parliament of New Zealand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
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