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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Wednesday, 11 March 15
RICHARDS BAY COAL SWAPS DROP $ 3.65 - 4.0/T W-O-W
COALspot.com: API 4 FOB Richards Bay Coal swap for delivery Q2' 2015 declined month over month and week on week.
The Q2 swap has fell US$ ...
Wednesday, 11 March 15
DRY BULK MARKET CLOSED OFF ON THE GREEN FOR A SECOND WEEK IN A ROW - INTERMODAL
COALspot.com: The Dry Bulk market closed off on the green for a second week in a row, while the performance of Capesizes hindered a more substantia ...
Wednesday, 11 March 15
MARKET INSIGHT : NEWBUILDINGS - PANOS TSILINGIRIS
From a cost-based, buy-low perspective, there is currently a buying opportunity in the second-hand dry bulk market. I am an anti-cyclical (buy-low) ...
Wednesday, 11 March 15
DRY BULK MARKET: ALL IS NOT LOST FOR A RECOVERY - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
The low cost of commodities across the board could trigger an increase of trade among many countries, which in turn could lead to a recovery of the ...
Wednesday, 11 March 15
U.S. ELECTRIC GENERATING COMPANIES TO ADD MORE THAN 20 GW OF GENERATING CAPACITY IN 2015; 16 GW OF GENERATING CAPACITY IS EXPECTED TO RETIRE IN 2015
COALspot.com: In 2015, electric generating companies in U.S. expect to add more than 20 gigawatts (GW) of utility-scale generating capacity to the ...
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- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Planning Commission, India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- The University of Queensland
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
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