We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Monday, 23 March 15
CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAP: Q3 DELIVERY HAS FALLEN 7.93% MONTH-ON-MONTH
COALspot.com: API 8 CFR South China Coal swap for Q2’ 2015 delivery declined US$ 4.09 (-7.06%) per MT month over month and US$ 2.00 (-3 ...
Monday, 23 March 15
SEABORNE WORLD COAL TRADE: GROWTH +5% - GERMAN COAL IMPORTER ASSOCIATION
Hard Coal Market 2014: Despite The Energy Turnaround, Hard Coal Imports To Germany Rise By More Than 6%, Although Hard Coal-Fired Power Generation ...
Sunday, 22 March 15
DRY BULK RATES CONTINUED TO RISE THIS WEEK
COALspot.com: The freight market was steady this week as all the segments increased after many weeks of weak trend.
The Baltic Dry Index (BDI) ...
Friday, 20 March 15
HARD COAL MARKET 2014: DESPITE THE ENERGY TURNAROUND, HARD COAL IMPORTS TO GERMANY RISE BY MORE THAN 6% (PART 1)
Hard Coal Market 2014: Despite The Energy Turnaround, Hard Coal Imports To Germany Rise By More Than 6%, Although Hard Coal-Fired Power Generation ...
Friday, 20 March 15
U.S. WEEKLY COAL PRODUCTION SHOWS 5.9% INCREASE WEEK OVER WEEK - EIA
COALspot.com – United States the world's one of the largest coal producers, produced approximately 18.5 million short tons (mmst) of coal ...
|
|
|
Showing 3121 to 3125 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- PTC India Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- The University of Queensland
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
|
| |
| |
|
