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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Tuesday, 07 April 15
SUB-BIT FOB INDONESIA COAL SWAP KEEPS DROPPING; DROPPED 2% W-W
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swap for delivery Q2 2015 declined month on month and week over week.
The Q2 swap was declined US$ 2.44 (5.14%) ...
Tuesday, 07 April 15
Q3 FOB RICHARDS BAY COAL SWAP CLOSED AT $ 55.96 PMT; DOWN 8.40% M-M
COALspot.com: API4 FOB Richards Bay Coal swap for delivery Q2' 2015 declined month over month and week on week.
The Q2 swap has declined U ...
Monday, 06 April 15
INDONESIA'S HBA FIXED AT US$ 64.48 PMT FOR APRIL DELIVERY; DOWN 4.84% M-M
COALspot.com - The Ministry of Energy & Mineral Resources of Indonesia revised down Indonesian coal benchmark prices to US$ 64.48 per MT in Apr ...
Monday, 06 April 15
FOB NEWCASTLE COAL SWAP DECLINED 12% MONTH OVER MONTH
COALspot.com: API 5 FOB Newcastle Coal swap for Q2’ 2015 delivery declined US$ 6.23 per MT (-12%) month over month and US$ 0.86 (-1.85%) week ...
Monday, 06 April 15
CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAP FALL CONTINUES
COALspot.com: API 8 CFR South China Coal swap for Q2’ 2015 delivery declined US$ 5.96 (-10.37%) per MT month over month and US$ 0.98 (- ...
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- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
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- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
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- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
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- Economic Council, Georgia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
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- Latin American Coal - Colombia
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- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
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- PTC India Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
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- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
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- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
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- The University of Queensland
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- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
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- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
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- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Planning Commission, India
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- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
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- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
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- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Minerals Council of Australia
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- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
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- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
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- Petron Corporation, Philippines
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