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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Friday, 05 June 15
U.S PRODUCED 15.1 MMST OF COAL THIS PAST WEEK; LESS 20.7% COMPARED TO SAME PERIOD IN 2014
COALspot.com – United States the second largest coal producer in the world has produced approximately totalled an estimated 15.1 million shor ...
Thursday, 04 June 15
DRY BULK MARKET FAILED TO OFFER ANY POSITIVE SURPRISES - INTERMODAL
COALspot.com: This has been another week that the Dry Bulk market failed to offer any positive surprises, while the BDI, which is still faring belo ...
Wednesday, 03 June 15
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - VASSILIS LOGOTHETIS
For some time now the Dry Bulk market has been severely affected by China’s slowing GDP growth rate that occurs in the background of increase ...
Tuesday, 02 June 15
FOB INDONESIA COAL Q3 SWAP ADVANCED 1.73% MONTH OVER MONTH
COALspot.com: Indonesian coal swap for delivery Q3 2015 gains month on month and lost week over week, this past week.
The Q3 swap was climbed ...
Tuesday, 02 June 15
FOB RICHARDS BAY COAL SWAPS; Q3'15 CLOSED HIGHER THAN Q1'16
COALspot.com: API4 FOB Richards Bay Coal swap for delivery Q3' 2015 up month over month and week over week.
The Q3 swap was up US$ 0.80 (1 ...
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- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- White Energy Company Limited
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Australian Coal Association
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Economic Council, Georgia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
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