We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Friday, 17 July 15
DO CANCELLATION RIGHTS UNDER VOYAGE CHARTERPARTY SURVIVE RE-NOMINATION OF LOAD PORT? - INCE&CO
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Do cancellation rights under voyage charterparty survive re-nomination of load port?
St Shipping & Transport Inc ...
Thursday, 16 July 15
INDONESIA'S HBA HITS ALL-TIME LOW OF $59.16 PER METRIC TON IN JULY 2015
COALspot.com - The Director General of Mineral and Coal of Indonesia revised down Indonesian coal benchmark price once again to US$ 59.16 pe ...
Thursday, 16 July 15
FOB RICHARDS BAY COAL SWAPS DECLINE W-O-W, M-O-M
COALspot.com: API4 FOB Richards Bay Coal swap for delivery Q3' 2015 declined month over month and week over week.
The Q3 swap was down US$ ...
Wednesday, 15 July 15
WEEKLY SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
The last few weeks have been rather strenuous for Greece and China, each for their own reasons, affecting most markets around the world. In Greece ...
Wednesday, 15 July 15
IRAN OIL RECOVERY TO TAKE YEARS, BUT COULD START IN 2016 - FITCH
Iranian crude oil production is likely to increase in 2016 but will take a number of years to reach its previous peak, Fitch Ratings says.
The ...
|
|
|
Showing 2921 to 2925 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- The University of Queensland
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
|
| |
| |
|
