We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Wednesday, 29 July 15
Q4' 15 FOB RICHARDS BAY COAL SWAPS DECLINE 4.41% TO $56.52 PMT
COALspot.com: API4 FOB Richards Bay Coal swap for delivery Q3' 2015 declined month over month and week over week.
The Q3 swap was down US$ ...
Tuesday, 28 July 15
INDONESIA DELAYS PLAN TO RAISE COAL ROYALTIES AMID PLUNGING PRICE - JP
The government will postpone a plan to increase royalty payments from coal miners as they are already burdened with the commodity’s plunging ...
Tuesday, 28 July 15
API 5 FOB NEWCASTLE COAL SWAP LOST M-M AND GAINED W-W
COALspot.com: API 5 FOB Newcastle Coal swap for Q3’ 2015 delivery down $ 1.15 per MT (-2.51%) month over month to US$ 44.62 per mt. The swap ...
Monday, 27 July 15
KOMIPO INVITES BIDS FOR TOTAL 545,000 MT OF COAL FOR BORYEONG POWER PLANT
COALspot.com: South Korean state-owned utility Korea Midland Power (KOMIPO) issued an new tender to purchase total 545,000 Metric Tons (MT) of coal ...
Monday, 27 July 15
CFR SOUTH CHINA COAL SWAP WEAK M/M; FIRM W/W
COALspot.com: API 8 CFR South China Coal swap for Q3’ 2015 delivery declined US$ 0.92 (1.77%) per MT month over month.
A commodity swap ...
|
|
|
Showing 2901 to 2905 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Australian Coal Association
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- The University of Queensland
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- White Energy Company Limited
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
|
| |
| |
|
