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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Thursday, 24 March 11
INDIA'S CHETTINAD INTERNATIONAL COAL TERMINAL'S PERMISSIBLE DRAFT HAS INCREASED TO 13.5 M
COALspot.com - Chettinad International Coal Terminal in Ennore port has the berth with draft 13.5 Meters now, according to E-Mail statement received ...
Thursday, 24 March 11
DRY BULK MARKET RISES, CAPESIZES GAIN BUT REMAIN LOW EARNERS - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
The dry bulk market posted modest gains on Wednesday, with the Baltic Dry Index rising to 1,565 points, up by 1.43 percent on the day, led by gains ...
Wednesday, 23 March 11
INDIAS TNPL RECEIVED 1.120 MMTS OF COAL AGAINST ITS 160K MT INQUIRY
COALspot.com - Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers Ltd. has closed its inquiry today.
Seven Indian coal traders have submitted price bid to sup ...
Tuesday, 22 March 11
MONNET ISPAT & ENERGY LIMITED ACQUIRES INDONESIAN COAL COMPANY THROUGH ITS SUBSIDIARY MONNET GLOBAL LIMITED
Monnet Global Limited (MGL) acquires PT Sarwa Sembada Karya Bumi, Sumatra & on part exploration the reserves of 65 million tonne on Thermal Coal ...
Tuesday, 22 March 11
RI COAL EXPORTS TO JAPAN MAY BE DIVERTED TO OTHER COUNTRIES - THE JAKARTA POST
The Jakarta Post reported that, Indonesia’s coal exports to Japan will likely be diverted to other countries for several months after the rece ...
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- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
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- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
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- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
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- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
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- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
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- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Minerals Council of Australia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- The University of Queensland
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Australian Coal Association
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
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