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Sunday, 20 June 10
OUR COAL: ITS DEVELOPMENT AND CONTROVERSIAL ISSUES
 Indonesia’s production of coal has been growing amazingly. In the mid 1980s, national coal production was less than 1 million tons per annum, whereas energy planners (in the fourth Five Year Development Plan: 1989-1994) pointed at 10 million tons as the national production target.
The current production has jumped dramatically, recorded as 237 million tons in 2008 (predicted to achieve 270 million tons this year), making Indonesia a world class producer and the largest exporter of coal around the globe. The skyrocketing growth of our coal production has also incited many controversial issues.
Coal is considered as the dirtiest among fossil fuels, making environmentalists oppose their wide use
as fuel.
However, the proposal for ceasing use of coal — power generation, for instance — would be challenged by power utilities demanding low cost fuel that coal may offer and by the government, which has the responsibility to provide electricity as well as have revenue from exploiting its energy resources.
Despite the world’s rising anxiety of global warming, IEA (International Energy Agency: World Energy Outlook 2009) statistics shows that the world consumption for coal, for the last decade, is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.
The environmental problem associated with coal in Indonesia is not limited to green houses gases (GHG), but also damage and pollution since its exploitation, transportation and uses to post mining.
It is easy to find where many coal fields are not mined appropriately according to “good mining and environmental practices”, coal transportation is not considering safety standards and is damaging rivers, (public) roads and seashores.
The coal mining has polluted the land, water and air of especially Kalimantan, where more than 90 percent of Indonesia’s coal mining operations take place.
It is sad that many of the previous mining areas have been abandoned without being properly reclaimed, whereas thousands of hectares of the island’s tropical forests have been converted into desert.
The soaring exploitation, including its negative impact on the environment, has a strong correlation with the number of licensing/permits awarded.
The introduction of the 1999 Regional Autonomy Law, subsequently followed by the 1999 Fiscal Balancing Law between the Central and Regional Governments have — to some degree — impacted on the coal licensing regime, where larger authorities had been given to regional/local governments.
Under the new licensing regime by local governments, requirements for coal permits tend to be relaxed whereas monitoring has not been done properly.
As a result, the number of permits (Mining Authorization/KP) has been growing considerably (currently 462, of which 169 are producing), coal production increases, but also environmental problems and the issues of illegal mining exist.
The question of who really owns the KP licenses exists, which was defined as that it can be owned by Indonesian national/companies only.
While the largest part of coal in Indonesia are being produced by large companies (the holders of Coal Contract of Work/PKP2B), some coal is mined by small scale and illegal miners.
It is believed that a significant amount of coal has been produced by illegal miners (some 5 million tons annually) and part has gone to meet export demand.
Wherever in the world, illegal miners lack interest in responsible mining and mine rehabilitation practices. Illegal mining is a problem for potential investors, the environment and government revenues.
The government has introduced measures to crack down on problems, including arresting illegal miners.
However, it cannot be the only solution since illegal mining is actually rooted in underemployment, local poverty and weak law enforcement, while the number of people involved in these activities is quite significant.
An alternative to confrontation to illegal miners by the central government (who awards the large scale PKP2B mining license) should be a cooperative and more comprehensive approach.
“Despite the world’s anxiety of global warming, IEA statistics shows that the world consumption for coal is still growing the fastest among primary energy sources.”
Work together with local/rural governments and communities to reduce poverty, educate/assist the illegal miners to increase their awareness on good mining practices (including mine rehabilitation), provide transition period fiscal incentives to encourage illegal mining toward the regulated mining sector, among others.
It needs to maintain an appropriate balance between the soaring exports of coal (about three quarters of production on average) and the domestic growing demand for the same fuel.
Push for exports is still coming largely from the traditional East Asians (Japan is the largest), while the coal-hungry India and China are also increasing their demand for our coal.
The exports will be competed with by the Blue Print for Energy Management 2005-2025 pointing out that one third of Indonesia’s energy primary energy mix in 2025 is to be supplied by coal, (the current share is about 15 percent).
Even though it is often mentioned that our coal reserves are quite large (current proven reserves of 5.5 billion tons; estimated resources of 105 tones) and that our reserves for coal are much larger than that of oil and gas, we should watch their fast rate of exploitation cautiously.
It needs to recalculate the benefit of exploiting them, taking into account their damage to the environment and what is left post mining. Where have all the revenues from exploiting that coal gone? Is the escalating export not jeopardizing the domestic energy security in the near future?
We have ample experiences, for instance in exploiting the resources-rich Kalimantan. The forests, oil and gas reserves have been exploited for about four to five decades, but it seems that the island has not enjoyed the fruits of the excessive exploitation: the current regional economy remains weak, infrastructure is poor and energy supplies for local uses have not been secured.
It needs to promote the terms “resources balance, depletion, sustainability”, start internalizing the costs of environmental impact and enforce those concepts into workable policies for our coal mining development.
The writer is the senior energy planner and an economist with the National Development Planning Agency. The opinions expressed are his own.
Source: The Jakarta Post ( Hanan Nugroho)
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Friday, 01 April 11
SUPRAS EX RICHARDS BAY COAL TERMINAL TO INDIA HOVERING AT $ 25 - 27.00 PMT - FEARNBULK
Handy
Atlantic markets remain stable with more activity from the Black Sea to FEast paying in the mid 20´s on Supras. The USG remains firm p ...
Friday, 01 April 11
DRY BULK MARKET WEAKENS ON SLOWER DEMAND, HOPES FOR MID-TERM REBOUND ON JAPANS RECONSTRUCTION - NIKOS ROUSSANOGLOU, HELLENIC SHIPPING
The dry bulk market, as reflected in the Baltic Dry Index (BDI) retreated for a third day yesterday, after staying flat on Monday, to end at 1,530 p ...
Wednesday, 30 March 11
CHALLENGER SIGNS OPTION AGREEMENTS TO PURCHASE FOUR COAL PROJECTS IN INDONESIA
Challenger Signs Three Exclusive Option Agreements to Purchase Four Coal Projects in East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Challenger Deep Resources Corp.ha ...
Wednesday, 30 March 11
KPCL TO IMPORT ONE MILLION TONS OF 6300 GAD COAL
COALspot.com - Karnataka Power Corporation a state utility of Karnataka, India called for open tender for supply of one million tons of 6300 Kcal/kg ...
Wednesday, 30 March 11
WIKA GRABS PROJECT FROM ADARO INDONESIA - INSIDER STORIES
One of Indonesia's largest thermal coal PT Adaro Indonesia has finally mandated PT Wijaya Karya Tbk (WIKA) as a contractor to install and manage ov ...
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- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- The University of Queensland
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Planning Commission, India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- PTC India Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
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