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Monday, 24 February 20
COULD SOME VLSFO FUELS BE BANNED? - GIBSON
The run up to the implementation of the new IMO rules on marine fuels from1st January 2020 had owners and charterers analysing the various fuelling options said Gibson Ship Brokers in its latest weekly report.
The report further noted that, from late-November there were some delays in receiving the correct bunkers, but overall, considering the scale of what was to be done within the shipping world, the switch seems to have gone smoothly. As with all things that are new, there needs to be some time to bed in and to acclimatize to new rules and regulations. But overall, bunker suppliers have been able to supply on-spec fuels. However, the switch over seems to have brought with it a new and somewhat ominous complication, that of the potential for some blended low sulphur fuels to produce more black carbon than the fuels they replaced. Black carbon emissions are a short-lived pollutant that absorbs sunlight and traps heat in the atmosphere. While it stays in the atmosphere for only a few days or weeks, its impact is that it traps 3200-times more heat in the atmosphere than carbon dioxide, measured over a 20-year period. When black carbon settles in the Arctic, it reduces the reflectiveness of the snow and ice and generates heat, which accelerates melting. This makes the Arctic – which according to reports is already warming twice as fast as the rest of the world-particularly sensitive to these emissions.
Gibson Ship Broker’s research team further said, black carbon is material produced and emitted as a solid particulate matter from the incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels. HFO typically contains approximately 60% aromatics, which contain a higher proportion of carbon than other hydrocarbon types and they have a tendency to smoke when burnt. The recent media interest in the performance of the new VLSFO fuels has pointed out that these fuels are responsible for increased levels of black carbon pollution due to their higher aromatic content. However, whilst it is possible that certain VLSFOs may have elevated aromatic content, it is expected that for VLSFO fuels produced by blending, these will have lower aromatic content than a typical HFO due to the major blended component (distillate) having typically half the aromatic content. Therefore, it is difficult to reason that all VLSFOs, especially those produced from various blends, produce more black carbon due to their aromatic content. However, there is also the added complication that emissions of black carbon are also related to the engine type and its operating load. Slow speed two-stroke engines, used in larger ocean going vessels are considered to have lower black carbon emission factors than higher speed four stroke engines. For larger engines, increasing engine load reduces black carbon emissions, whereas for smaller engines the reverse is true. Vessels that have scrubbers installed provide an approximate 30% reduction in black carbon emissions.
According to Gibson, a study conducted by Finland and Germany and submitted to the IMO found the new VLSFO used by ships contained high levels of aromatic compounds, causing a surge in black carbon emissions. The group have submitted a new proposal to the sub-committee on pollution and prevention response that will meet in late-February in London. They are demanding a prohibition of VLSFO blends that lead to increases in black carbon emissions. They want the IMO to encourage relevant stakeholders to observe a voluntary prohibition on the use of any marine fuel whose aromatic content is likely to lead to black carbon emissions greater than those commonly associated with distillate fuels until a ban comes into effect. The move to lower emission fuels is considered a positive direction within the shipping sector. However, there still seems to be much to be learned with how these fuels are produced and their potential impact on the environment.
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Friday, 22 March 24
CASE STUDY: DANGERS OF COAL CARGO - SKULD
Recently, a bulk cargo vessel carrying coal from South Africa to Singapore suffered a fatal accident, resulting in the deaths of three crew members ...
Friday, 22 March 24
INDONESIA APPROVES 922.14 MLN T COAL PRODUCTION QUOTA FOR 2024, ABOVE TARGET - REUTERS
Indonesia has approved coal production quotas totalling 922.14 million metric tons for 2024, Bambang Suswantono, a senior official at the mining mi ...
Friday, 22 March 24
CHINA COAL INDUSTRY GROUP EXPECTS OUTPUT GROWTH TO SLOW IN 2024 - REUTERS
China’s coal output is expected to increase 36 million metric tons, or 0.8%, to about 4.7 billion tonnes in 2024, a Chinese coal industry gro ...
Monday, 18 March 24
THREE KEY TAKEAWAYS FROM OUR EUROPE GAS MARKETS SHORT-TERM OUTLOOK Q1 2024 - WOOD MACKENZIE
European gas prices are currently back to pre-crisis levels, but with a complex series of factors affecting future supply and demand, are they set ...
Wednesday, 06 March 24
INDONESIA AIMS TO FINISH MINING OUTPUT QUOTAS APPROVAL BY END-MARCH, OFFICIAL SAYS - REUTERS
Indonesia’s has approved the mining production quotarequests from more than 120mineral companies and aims to complete the approval process th ...
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- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
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- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Australian Coal Association
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
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