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Sunday, 01 July 12
AUSTRALIAS CARBON TAX - SUNIL K KUMBHAT
 COALspot.com - Climate Change
Climate change and global warming have now become buzzwords the world over. The disastrous consequences for global climate change is one topic that has now taken very serious dimension but hardly been realised in a serious enough way by the nations across the world.
Climate change effects have noticed frequent catastrophes, such as severe drought, heavy rains cycles, cloudbursts, longer and more extreme heat waves, spread of tropical diseases such as SARS and bird flu, damage to vegetation and agricultural systems due to pests, and threats to coastlines and proper due to higher sea levels and strom surges, extreme weather events and prolonged droughts will continue to lead to increased injury, illness and death.
Continued warming temperatures will also increase the number of malaria and dengue fever cases and lead to an increase in other infectious diseases as a result of poor nutrition due to food production disruption.
It threatens to bring more famine and drought, worse pandemics, more natural disasters, more resource scarcity, and human displacement on a staggering scale," Asian and developing countries should take the lead in this regard by moving the UN to pass a resolution to put in place an effective and strong mechanism to urge the countries to curb the production of greenhouse gases and also help the developing ones to find technological solutions to help reduce the production of these gases in the process of industrial development and take steps to effectively control this potentially dangerous development.
Although issue of climate change and global warming are fairly high on the agenda of most governments, but in practice, across nations, there is a wide variation in policy response to the emerging threat. This is not surprising because different countries have different priorities depending on their state of economic progress. Governments, especially in major emerging economies, are forced to strike a balance between domestic compulsions - poverty alleviation, for instance - and policies that help combat climate change.
Obviously, it is a political call that governments take. Responsible and responsive policymaking will surely have to take into account threat perceptions of climate change; but that can hardly qualify to be any country's single point agenda. If any country accept sustainable growth and development as the way forward, it subsumes the climate change issues.
At the same time, no country can ignore the inherent contradiction in the expression "sustainable growth". Growth essentially involves exploiting natural resources for human benefit and countries have to strike a delicate balance between environmental sustainability and economic growth. It is easier said than done. As the climate issue impinges on everyone, wisdom demands that nations sink their petty differences in approach and strategy to stem the danger from spreading further and squeezing the survival prospects of one and all. Principally, the efforts boil down to reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission, caused primarily by accelerated economic development through exploitation of fossil fuels rich in carbon dioxide.
Environmental changes: Australia
Most people now agree that Australia’s climate is changing. In Australia the number of record hot days has doubled over the last 50 years. In 2011 Australia experienced bush fires and some of the worst floods in country for centuries when Brisbane got devastated and other areas all throughout Queensland went under water. Scientists also now know that oceans have risen 20cm in the last 200 years. If they go another 20cm then this would wipe out island communities and cause flooding to some major centres. The carbon emissions, greenhouse gases and deforestation is contributing to these environmental changes.
Carbon Tax
Australia has introduced its highly controversial carbon tax, after years of bitter political wrangling. Carbon tax in Australia effective from 1st July 2012 will penalize (tax) big polluters for carbon emissions at a flat rate fee of $23 per tonne of emissions. After a 3-5 year period it is proposed that the pay per tonne system will change to a cap and trade system whereby emissions are capped at a certain level and big polluters will have to buy permits from lower carbon emitting businesses if they wish to increase their emissions. This is otherwise known as carbon credits trading. Carbon tax has taken various forms in different parts of the world based on unique economic circumstances and tax systems.
The top 500 emitters will be charged a flat rate fee of $23 per tonne of emissions by the government in the first year, beginning 1 July 2012.The $23 per tonne is to be indexed to inflation and will rise to $24.15 in 2013-10 and $25.40 per tonne in 2014-15. From the 1st July 2015 the price paid per tonne will be set by the market via a cap and trade system The main objective is to cut Australia’s carbon emissions by 5% by 2020. Major industries affected include electricity and energy producers, mining, business transport, waste and industrial processes.
A price on carbon will not apply to fuel for off-road and on-road light transport by agriculture, forestry and fisheries. Households and small business will also be exempt from a carbon price on fuel. Although a 6c reduction in the off-road diesel fuel rebate will cause general pain for junior miners and for rural and regional business.
Carbon Tax Revenue
Carbon Tax Revenue will be reinvested into clean energy technology and renewable energy projects. Offshoot development funds will also be set up to focus on biodiversity, low carbon agriculture, small business grants and indigenous communities. The government has promised to compensate 90% of households for any increase in energy bills via tax cuts or increases to family benefits.
Carbon tax is essentially an indirect regressive tax (tends to hurt lower income earners). Carbon tax is expected to raise some $15 billion in government revenue which assist with the ongoing Global Financial Crisis .. It is designed to change how manufacturers go about their business, that is to reduce their emissions so they don't pay tax and it is designed for us, the consumer to change how we consume non renewable energy such as electricity.
1.The Government of Australia is planning that $13-$15 billion dollars will be reinvested into developing green energy technology which is proposed to further reduce emissions. Businesses are encouraged therefore to invest in renewable energy such as solar as well as create a whole new industry of jobs.
2.The Australian Government has pledged to compensate Australian households with nearly half the revenue generated by the carbon tax. Those who earn more will get less. Further 9 out of 10 Australian households will be given cash bonuses to offset price increases and the pension will be increased.
3.As mentioned above the 500 biggest polluters will initially pay $23 per tonne of carbon emissions then after 3-5 years the market will set the price. Businesses are in the game of increasing revenue and decreasing costs. So carbon pricing is designed to get businesses to innovate to find a way to reduce their emissions. No doubt there will be some polluters who will pass on the cost of their extra tax to consumers. But with the majority of consumers now being more environmentally conscious products of the biggest polluters will be more competitive if they are cleaner and greener. There will also be tax incentives for farmers in the form of carbon credits that will offset tax payable. This depends on appropriate investment in capital to reduce emissions.
4. The Australian Government has set a target of reducing carbon emissions by 5% from 2000 to 2020.
5.Revenue will be used to protect Australia's fauna and flora for further protection of fragile and endangered ecosystems.
The government says the tax is needed to meet climate-change obligations of Australia – the highest emitter per-head in the developed world, but the opposition argues that it a “Toxic Tax” is expensive and unnecessary that will cost jobs and raise the cost of Living. Entire carbon tax is a scam and a monumental fraud which does nothing to help the environment. As per many leaders against implementation of Carbon Tax , the western companies make billions from seizing land and using it to grow trees in return for lucrative carbon credits which are then sold to companies under carbon tax schemes like the one passed in Australia.
The national and international carbon market is set to change dramatically over the next few years and Australia’s Carbon Tax is a significant part of this transition – organizations must adapt and prepare for a carbon constrained future.
Climate change is a tricky subject to discuss and it's effect on the climate much debated. But the carbon tax is very real, it is now here in Australia and it will affect all Australians. It is known fact that deforestation , carbon emissions , and greenhouse gases in contributing to Global warming and Climate Changes.
By : Sunil K Kumbhat , Jodhpur( Rajasthan) India.
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Sunday, 10 September 23
CHINA AUGUST COAL IMPORTS OF 44.3 MLN T HIT RECORD - REUTERS
China, the world’s top coal consumer, imported 44.3 million metric tons of the fuel last month, customs data showed, the highest amount in an ...
Tuesday, 22 August 23
CHINA'S COAL PRODUCTION LOGS STEADY GROWTH IN JANUARY-JULY: XINHUA
China’s output of raw coal went up 3.6 percent year on year in the first seven months of this year, official data showed.
The ...
Sunday, 13 August 23
THE COMMODITIES FEED: LNG SUPPLY RISKS LINGER - ING
Energy – OPEC sees deficit over remainder of 2023
Oil prices came under some pressure yesterday with ICE Brent settling a litt ...
Wednesday, 09 August 23
COAL TRADE TO RETURN TO 2019 LEVELS - BALTIC EXCHANGE
The International Energy Agency’s mid-year Coal Market Update for 2023 brings both positive and concerning news for the global coal industry. ...
Sunday, 23 July 23
ANALYSIS-INDIA'S COAL MINING BET STUMBLES AS WARY BANKS WEIGH RISING RISKS - REUTERS
India’s drive to ramp up coal output to meet growing energy demand is faltering due to banks’ reluctance to finance newly auctioned min ...
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- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- White Energy Company Limited
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Australian Coal Association
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
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