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Friday, 22 June 12
GLOBAL ACTION NEEDED ON ENERGY POVERTY - WORLD COAL
 Eradicating energy poverty is possibly the biggest challenge facing the world today. Like climate change it can only be addressed with a concerted global effort. With the Rio+20 conference underway, WCA looks at what needs to be done to achieve energy access for all.
The statistics are well known. 1.3 billion people lack access to electricity and another billion have only intermittent access.Without concerted international action, these numbers are not expected to change significantly in the next two decades. There is a huge disparity in energy access across the globe. Most developing economies struggle with low levels of energy access, and while most developed economies have almost full energy access, the amount of electricity they produce and consume varies significantly. Improving energy access is so important because it is fundamental to modern life. Light and power for homes, schools, hospitals, business and industry are all essential to strong and resilient economies that improve livelihoods. Economic and social development cannot occur in the modern world without access to energy. It is for this reason that the United Nations has declared 2012 as the International Year of Sustainable Energy for All, and it is why energy is amongst the top issues at the Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development.
More ambition needed
Real ambition is needed to deliver energy access across the world. The original text of "The Future We Want" draft outcome document for Rio+20 released by the UN early in 2012 included language calling for access to a "basic minimum level" of energy. Targets that refer to the basic minimum level of access reflect the target contained in the IEA's Energy for All case outlined in its World Energy Outlook 2011. This target would provide: "use of a floor fan, a mobile phone, and two compact fluorescent light bulbs for about five hours a day. In urban areas, consumption might also include an efficient refrigerator, a second mobile phone per household and another appliance, such as a small television or a computer." What is most alarming however is what is not included in the IEA definition, where it notes that "some other categories are excluded, such as electricity access to business." Ambitious energy targets will provide the energy needs to build and operate essential social infrastructure and support economic growth by allowing reliable energy supplies for business and industry. Targets for energy access must be ambitious because the problem is so fundamental to the challenges facing the modern world.
National priorities are important
The first draft of "The Future We Want" document and the UN Secretary General's Sustainable Energy for All initiative have both also focused heavily on expanding the role to be played by renewable energy. Renewable energy does have an important role to play in improving energy access but it is not the right solution everywhere. As nations develop, they seek secure, reliable and affordable sources of energy to strengthen and build their economies - coal is a logical choice in many of these countries because it is widely available, safe, reliable and relatively low cost. Accessing reliable, on-grid, base load electricity is essential for businesses and industries that cannot have intermittent supply. Strong grid structures with base load coal fired power stations are essential to even out peaks and troughs in the generation of renewable electricity and they can very effectively distribute centralised base load electricity. Many countries have very significant coal reserves and should be able to utilise those to build reliable base load electricity systems. International support for improving energy access should recognise the economic, technical and natural resources available in economies with a shortage of electricity supply. Across the world coal will play a significant role in improving energy access. The IEA's WEO 2011 projects that coal will provide more than half of the on-grid electricity needed to meet their energy for all case. It will be particularly important in places like India, Pakistan and southern Africa and will continue to strengthen China's energy supplies.
Energy access and climate change
Despite the need for countries to be able to utilise their own resources, it seems at the international level that there is a far more significant focus on renewable energy technologies. This focus is brought about by concerns over climate change. The concern is that significantly improved energy access will lead to large increases in emissions of greenhouse gases and therefore increase the risk of catastrophic climate change. Many actors in the international community therefore believe that fossil fuels cannot play a role in improving access to energy if we also want to meet the climate challenge. It is not necessary however for action to be restricted to that paradigm.
A surprising revelation in the IEA World Energy Outlook 2011 was that achieving the IEA's (albeit minimal) energy access target would only increase global CO2 emissions by 0.7%. In part that is likely to be because of the significant role of off-grid renewables included in the scenario, but it also comes in a scenario where almost a quarter of all electricity needed is expected to be provided by coal. More ambitious energy access targets may lead to higher emissions, but this will also come in the context of significantly improved economic and social outcomes for those who get access to electricity. Even more important is that significantly increased emissions can be avoided. Deployment of advanced coal technologies will play a major role in mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. One key way of reducing the emissions from burning coal is to improve efficiency levels at power stations. Highly efficient modern supercritical and ultra supercritical coal plants emit almost 40% less CO2 than subcritical plants. Efficiency improvements in power generation are amongst the most cost-effective and shortest lead time actionsfor reducing emissions from coal-fired electricity. This is particularly the case in developing countries and economies in transition where existing plant efficiencies are generally lower and coal use in electricity generation is increasing. Beyond improvements in efficiency, carbon capture and storage technology will be a key technology to reduce CO2 emissions, not only from coal, but also natural gas and industrial sources.
Figures in the IEA's World Energy Outlook 2011 report estimate the potential for CCS to contribute 22% of global CO2 mitigation through to 2035. Over time CCS will become a key technology for improving energy access consistent with global climate objectives.
What action is needed?
Concerted international action is needed to address the global challenge of energy poverty. Without providing energy to those who currently lack it, it will be impossible to eradicate global poverty. To meet this challenge, policy frameworks must be put in place, both at national and international levels, to support effective energy institutions and business models to support the deployment of a comprehensive energy infrastructure where it is needed most. With these frameworks in place, finance from all sources, public and private, domestic and international is needed to provide the finance to build energy systems. Before this can be achieved however, it must be recognised that all sources of energyare necessary to meet the vast potential demand for electricity. It is important to understand that different sources of energy will suit different countries and different environments. To ensure that energy reaches those who need it most, there cannot be a political preference for one technology over another. The decision must be based on what is most effective in meeting the energy need.
Source: World Coal
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Wednesday, 12 August 20
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- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
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- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
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- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
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- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Australian Coal Association
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
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